How rotating ATP synthases can modulate membrane structure

F1Fo-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) is a central membrane protein that synthetizes most of the ATP in cell through rotational movement driven by proton gradient across hosting membrane. In mitochondria, synthases can form dimers specific interactions between some subunits protein. The dimeric provides with spontaneous curvature sustain their arrangement at rim high-curvature edges mitochondrial (cristae). Also, direct interaction cardiolipin, lipid present inner membrane, induces dimerization molecules along cristae. deletion those biochemical abolishes producing an altered function and morphology. Mechanically, bending one key deformation modes which membranes be shaped. particular, rigidity are important physical factors for remodelling. Here, we discuss complementary mechanism whereby rotatory might modify mechanical properties bilayers contribute to formation regulation invaginations.